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	<title>Comments on: Looking into Solar Thermal power systems.</title>
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	<link>http://enochthered.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/looking-into-solar-thermal-power-systems/</link>
	<description>An independent scientist's observations on society, technology, energy, science and the environment.         "Modern science has been a voyage into the unknown, with a lesson in humility waiting at every stop. Many passengers would rather have stayed home." - Carl Sagan</description>
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		<title>By: Dave H</title>
		<link>http://enochthered.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/looking-into-solar-thermal-power-systems/#comment-778</link>
		<dc:creator>Dave H</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Jan 2009 14:57:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://enochthered.wordpress.com/?p=104#comment-778</guid>
		<description>Here&#039;s some &quot;from the hip&quot; numbers that I&#039;ve been able to put together for photovoltaic power.  The power density of sunlight is about 1.4 kW/square Meter.
The efficiency of the most advanced solar cells is &lt;50%
The future largest solar power plant planned will be in Deming NM.  It will be 3200 Acres (5-square miles) and produce 300 MW or 300 MW x 8hrs (only works in sunlight) x 320days = 770 GWatt-hrs./yr.
http://ecoworldly.com/2008/03/05/worlds-7-biggest-solar-energy-plants/
Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station sits on 4,000 acres, a large amount of which is unused.  So the size is about the same as the Deming Solar plant.  PVNGS produces about 4,000 MW, or 4,000 MW x 24 hrs x 320days = 30,000 GWatt-hrs./yr.
If we normalize to 8 hour days due to the limitations of solar, a solar plant would have to be in the neighborhood of thirteen times the size of a nuclear plant to deliver the same power during daylight hours on a clear day AND we would still need a power source of comparable size for the remaining 16 hours each day.  As you can see, even if we can increase the efficiency up to 100%, photo-solar just can’t do the job on a large scale.  This doesn’t even address the environmental impact of the loss of sunlight on the surface of the earth.

Regarding the new APS Solana plant, it&#039;s supposed to cost $1B to build and will generate 280 MW.  Considering that one of PVNGS units generates 1400 MW, that would put Solana very conservatively at $5B with NO cost overruns for construction to generate an equivalent amount of power.  Figuring that it only can generate about 1/3 of the time that PVNGS does and giving them the benefit of 100% conversion efficiency in their molten-salt storage facility, that would put construction at $15B for comparable output.  And again, unless you overbuild to store power for the time you can&#039;t generate, you need another power source to generate when there&#039;s no sun.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here&#8217;s some &#8220;from the hip&#8221; numbers that I&#8217;ve been able to put together for photovoltaic power.  The power density of sunlight is about 1.4 kW/square Meter.<br />
The efficiency of the most advanced solar cells is &lt;50%<br />
The future largest solar power plant planned will be in Deming NM.  It will be 3200 Acres (5-square miles) and produce 300 MW or 300 MW x 8hrs (only works in sunlight) x 320days = 770 GWatt-hrs./yr.<br />
<a href="http://ecoworldly.com/2008/03/05/worlds-7-biggest-solar-energy-plants/" rel="nofollow">http://ecoworldly.com/2008/03/05/worlds-7-biggest-solar-energy-plants/</a><br />
Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station sits on 4,000 acres, a large amount of which is unused.  So the size is about the same as the Deming Solar plant.  PVNGS produces about 4,000 MW, or 4,000 MW x 24 hrs x 320days = 30,000 GWatt-hrs./yr.<br />
If we normalize to 8 hour days due to the limitations of solar, a solar plant would have to be in the neighborhood of thirteen times the size of a nuclear plant to deliver the same power during daylight hours on a clear day AND we would still need a power source of comparable size for the remaining 16 hours each day.  As you can see, even if we can increase the efficiency up to 100%, photo-solar just can’t do the job on a large scale.  This doesn’t even address the environmental impact of the loss of sunlight on the surface of the earth.</p>
<p>Regarding the new APS Solana plant, it&#8217;s supposed to cost $1B to build and will generate 280 MW.  Considering that one of PVNGS units generates 1400 MW, that would put Solana very conservatively at $5B with NO cost overruns for construction to generate an equivalent amount of power.  Figuring that it only can generate about 1/3 of the time that PVNGS does and giving them the benefit of 100% conversion efficiency in their molten-salt storage facility, that would put construction at $15B for comparable output.  And again, unless you overbuild to store power for the time you can&#8217;t generate, you need another power source to generate when there&#8217;s no sun.</p>
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		<title>By: Luke Weston</title>
		<link>http://enochthered.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/looking-into-solar-thermal-power-systems/#comment-639</link>
		<dc:creator>Luke Weston</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 03 Oct 2008 02:18:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://enochthered.wordpress.com/?p=104#comment-639</guid>
		<description>Even with the cost overruns - for this first-of-a-kind plant - the most pessimistic estimates I&#039;ve seen put the cost at somewhere between 5 and 6 billion - I&#039;ll say 6 billion to be conservative. What are your references for the cost?

The cost of nuclear energy is dominated by the capital construction cost - fuel cost, decommissioning and handling used fuel are in fact very small relative to the capital cost. Here we have just considered the construction cost, as with the solar energy plant, which similarly has its costs dominated by the cost of construction.

If Olkiluoto-3 does cost $6 billion, for 1.6 GW of capacity, and the solar thermal plant as mentioned above generates energy at a 95% capacity factor, then they are expected, in fact, to be effectively equal in terms of capital costs.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Even with the cost overruns &#8211; for this first-of-a-kind plant &#8211; the most pessimistic estimates I&#8217;ve seen put the cost at somewhere between 5 and 6 billion &#8211; I&#8217;ll say 6 billion to be conservative. What are your references for the cost?</p>
<p>The cost of nuclear energy is dominated by the capital construction cost &#8211; fuel cost, decommissioning and handling used fuel are in fact very small relative to the capital cost. Here we have just considered the construction cost, as with the solar energy plant, which similarly has its costs dominated by the cost of construction.</p>
<p>If Olkiluoto-3 does cost $6 billion, for 1.6 GW of capacity, and the solar thermal plant as mentioned above generates energy at a 95% capacity factor, then they are expected, in fact, to be effectively equal in terms of capital costs.</p>
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		<title>By: Jan van Beilen</title>
		<link>http://enochthered.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/looking-into-solar-thermal-power-systems/#comment-638</link>
		<dc:creator>Jan van Beilen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Oct 2008 07:36:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://enochthered.wordpress.com/?p=104#comment-638</guid>
		<description>&quot;Then, the installation cost comes to 3.6 billion dollars per gigawatt of “real” average power output.&quot; 

Anyone care to estimate what a GW of nuclear power costs nowadays (and please include waste disposal and decommissioning). Costs of the finnish plant in Olkiluoto (1.6 GW) now stand at about 7 billion dollars, and further cost overruns are inevitable. Of course, these costs do not include fuel, and more importantly, waste disposal and decommissioning. Furthermore, AREVA was so keen on building a new plant that it&#039;s making a huge loss with these numbers anyway (paid by their gullible or powerless customers).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;Then, the installation cost comes to 3.6 billion dollars per gigawatt of “real” average power output.&#8221; </p>
<p>Anyone care to estimate what a GW of nuclear power costs nowadays (and please include waste disposal and decommissioning). Costs of the finnish plant in Olkiluoto (1.6 GW) now stand at about 7 billion dollars, and further cost overruns are inevitable. Of course, these costs do not include fuel, and more importantly, waste disposal and decommissioning. Furthermore, AREVA was so keen on building a new plant that it&#8217;s making a huge loss with these numbers anyway (paid by their gullible or powerless customers).</p>
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		<title>By: Paul Martin Smith</title>
		<link>http://enochthered.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/looking-into-solar-thermal-power-systems/#comment-513</link>
		<dc:creator>Paul Martin Smith</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2008 23:01:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://enochthered.wordpress.com/?p=104#comment-513</guid>
		<description>My concern is the quantity and quality of water required to support the Rankine cycle in solar thermal power generating systems.
All the locations of existing and proposed plants are in desert areas, which means (when I went to school at least) - little water. 
I see two effects:
1. Piping water long distances to these plants increases both the base and operating costs.
2. The South-West already has a critical shortage of water resources and a steep competition 
for the available supply. This has both environmental and long term cost impacts.

None of the &quot;get solar thermal energy fast&quot; schemes seem to address the water issue.
Any comments.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My concern is the quantity and quality of water required to support the Rankine cycle in solar thermal power generating systems.<br />
All the locations of existing and proposed plants are in desert areas, which means (when I went to school at least) &#8211; little water.<br />
I see two effects:<br />
1. Piping water long distances to these plants increases both the base and operating costs.<br />
2. The South-West already has a critical shortage of water resources and a steep competition<br />
for the available supply. This has both environmental and long term cost impacts.</p>
<p>None of the &#8220;get solar thermal energy fast&#8221; schemes seem to address the water issue.<br />
Any comments.</p>
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		<title>By: Luke Weston</title>
		<link>http://enochthered.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/looking-into-solar-thermal-power-systems/#comment-485</link>
		<dc:creator>Luke Weston</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Jun 2008 17:50:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://enochthered.wordpress.com/?p=104#comment-485</guid>
		<description>Nobody ever said that there isn&#039;t solar thermal energy already in use, Eric - quite the opposite.

Spain has some too? Really, is that so? I can only conclude that you didn&#039;t even read my post.

The SEGS facilities in the Mojave desert are not baseload generators, they are designed as peaking units, and what&#039;s more, they are backed up by a good old environmentally destructive fossil fuel fired boiler on cloudy days.

All the SEGS installations have a total nameplate capacity of 310 MW - with a capacity factor of 26%, which we&#039;ll assume, the same as Solnova I, that&#039;s 706.5 GWh of energy generated in a given year - that&#039;s only about 9 percent of the energy output of a typical nuclear power plant (or coal fired generator), with a 1 GW nameplate capacity and a 90% capacity factor. That&#039;s pretty small indeed - and this is one of the biggest solar energy installations in the world.

How much did it cost to construct these facilities?

The FPL promotional fact sheet for SEGS, here, gives the 310 MW figure quoted above, and explains how it is a peaking unit, backed up by a natural gas fired boiler.

http://www.fplenergy.com/portfolio/pdf/solar_factsheet.pdf</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nobody ever said that there isn&#8217;t solar thermal energy already in use, Eric &#8211; quite the opposite.</p>
<p>Spain has some too? Really, is that so? I can only conclude that you didn&#8217;t even read my post.</p>
<p>The SEGS facilities in the Mojave desert are not baseload generators, they are designed as peaking units, and what&#8217;s more, they are backed up by a good old environmentally destructive fossil fuel fired boiler on cloudy days.</p>
<p>All the SEGS installations have a total nameplate capacity of 310 MW &#8211; with a capacity factor of 26%, which we&#8217;ll assume, the same as Solnova I, that&#8217;s 706.5 GWh of energy generated in a given year &#8211; that&#8217;s only about 9 percent of the energy output of a typical nuclear power plant (or coal fired generator), with a 1 GW nameplate capacity and a 90% capacity factor. That&#8217;s pretty small indeed &#8211; and this is one of the biggest solar energy installations in the world.</p>
<p>How much did it cost to construct these facilities?</p>
<p>The FPL promotional fact sheet for SEGS, here, gives the 310 MW figure quoted above, and explains how it is a peaking unit, backed up by a natural gas fired boiler.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.fplenergy.com/portfolio/pdf/solar_factsheet.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.fplenergy.com/portfolio/pdf/solar_factsheet.pdf</a></p>
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		<title>By: Eric Mair</title>
		<link>http://enochthered.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/looking-into-solar-thermal-power-systems/#comment-394</link>
		<dc:creator>Eric Mair</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Apr 2008 21:04:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://enochthered.wordpress.com/?p=104#comment-394</guid>
		<description>What would you guys have to say if I told you that there have been solar thermal plants (CSP) delivering base-load electricity in California for 20 years already?  Google SEGS (solar Energy Generating Systems).  Spain has some too!
Back to school maybe? :-)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What would you guys have to say if I told you that there have been solar thermal plants (CSP) delivering base-load electricity in California for 20 years already?  Google SEGS (solar Energy Generating Systems).  Spain has some too!<br />
Back to school maybe? <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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		<title>By: bryfry</title>
		<link>http://enochthered.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/looking-into-solar-thermal-power-systems/#comment-379</link>
		<dc:creator>bryfry</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Apr 2008 17:22:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://enochthered.wordpress.com/?p=104#comment-379</guid>
		<description>Eh ... These things are mostly scams, when you come down to it. I mean, they wouldn&#039;t be if we lived in a world where energy is far more expensive and far less available than the one that we live in today (not that I would want to live in such a world).

Then again, it has never failed to amaze me how many people working as engineers don&#039;t really know the fundamentals. It wasn&#039;t that long ago (about 5-10 years ago) that I was teaching young engineering students. It was scary to discover how little they know of what I consider to be fundamental concepts -- and these were the &quot;bright&quot; students!

Be afraid for the future. Unless something changes soon (and it might, with more students coming to western Universities from places like China and India, where the students are hungry to learn), we&#039;re in for some rough times. Rigor is not dead, but it&#039;s on life support in many fields these days.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Eh &#8230; These things are mostly scams, when you come down to it. I mean, they wouldn&#8217;t be if we lived in a world where energy is far more expensive and far less available than the one that we live in today (not that I would want to live in such a world).</p>
<p>Then again, it has never failed to amaze me how many people working as engineers don&#8217;t really know the fundamentals. It wasn&#8217;t that long ago (about 5-10 years ago) that I was teaching young engineering students. It was scary to discover how little they know of what I consider to be fundamental concepts &#8212; and these were the &#8220;bright&#8221; students!</p>
<p>Be afraid for the future. Unless something changes soon (and it might, with more students coming to western Universities from places like China and India, where the students are hungry to learn), we&#8217;re in for some rough times. Rigor is not dead, but it&#8217;s on life support in many fields these days.</p>
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		<title>By: DV82XL</title>
		<link>http://enochthered.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/looking-into-solar-thermal-power-systems/#comment-377</link>
		<dc:creator>DV82XL</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Apr 2008 16:49:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://enochthered.wordpress.com/?p=104#comment-377</guid>
		<description>I don&#039;t know. Sometimes I think I&#039;m missing some large piece of the puzzle, on these projects. I mean these things don&#039;t get designed by idiots, or built by idiots. They must have had the same education that I had, taken the same basic thermodynamics that I did, and to the best of my knowledge, the fundamentals haven&#039;t changed in the last 40 years, in fact they were as I remembered them two years ago when I retired from full time work as a chemist. How in the name of science can these people not know that they are not going to meet the broader objectives of these projects when it so crystal-clear to me? Hell I&#039;ve bailed out of projects that had a better chance of working than some of these renewable energy ones, because I was sure they were going to fail and take me down with them.

What are they smoking?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I don&#8217;t know. Sometimes I think I&#8217;m missing some large piece of the puzzle, on these projects. I mean these things don&#8217;t get designed by idiots, or built by idiots. They must have had the same education that I had, taken the same basic thermodynamics that I did, and to the best of my knowledge, the fundamentals haven&#8217;t changed in the last 40 years, in fact they were as I remembered them two years ago when I retired from full time work as a chemist. How in the name of science can these people not know that they are not going to meet the broader objectives of these projects when it so crystal-clear to me? Hell I&#8217;ve bailed out of projects that had a better chance of working than some of these renewable energy ones, because I was sure they were going to fail and take me down with them.</p>
<p>What are they smoking?</p>
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